Is Pilates a Form of Calisthenics? Understanding the Differences and Similarities

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What is Pilates?

Pilates is a low-impact exercise regimen designed to improve flexibility, strength, and overall body awareness. Originated by Joseph Pilates in the early 20th century, it focuses on controlled movements that target core muscles, providing a strong foundation for physical wellness. Some instructors use equipment like reformers, though many exercises can be performed on a mat--where the foundations of Pilates begin.

What is Calisthenics?

Calisthenics, on the other hand, is a form of strength training that emphasizes bodyweight exercises without the use of equipment. Activities like push-ups, pull-ups, squats, and jumping jacks embody this style of fitness, focusing on improving strength, flexibility, and endurance through rhythmic, repetitive movements.

How Are Pilates and Calisthenics Similar?

Despite their differences, Pilates and calisthenics share some foundational similarities. Both forms emphasize controlled movements and the importance of proper form. They focus on engaging core muscles, which is crucial for stability and injury prevention in both practices. Additionally, both can be adapted to any fitness level, from beginners to advanced practitioners, making them accessible to a wide range of individuals.

Many Pilates exercises use only body weight as a form of resistance---making them by definition a calisthenic exercise. Some common examples of overlapping exercises include: Standing Footwork (Squats), Planks, and Chest lifts / Rollups (Crunches). Essentially, all of the original mat exercises are a form of calisthenics.

How Are They Different?

While some Pilates is Calisthenics, Pilates that adds in props, weights and equipment are not. And while some Calisthenics is Pilates, once high impact exercises that do not align with the 6 principles would not be considered Pilates. That being said... Pilates is legally a generic term that can be used to describe any type of exercise program, so it is possible that a Calisthenics class can be called a Pilates Class which is why we see a wide range of modalities that are very different from each other all called Pilates.